EMB is an invasive diagnostic method which is described in many references as a gold standard in the diagnosis of myocarditis and ICMP and which definitively confirms the diagnosis and has also an important role in the…
Laboratory examination consists of basic examinations and the detection of biomarkers of the myocardial damage, heart failure and inflammation. The testing of anti-myocardial autoantibodies is recommended by the European Society of Cardiology ([24], …
Cardiac magnetic resonance is in the present the leading non-invasive imaging method for patients with myocarditis [24, 97, 98, 99]. It is even described by some authors as one of the basic examinations and in stable patients, it is preferred to perf…
The echocardiographic examination has, similar to ECG, its role primarily in stratification and observation of patients´ state of health and it has a role even in the exclusion of other symptoms and cardiac dysfunction causes [24, 96, 98, 99, 100]. T…
ECG changes in patients with myocarditis are varied. In up to ¼ of patients, ECG findings are normal [97]. According to the references, ECG is important primarily for the exclusion of other pathological states which could explain the patients´ diffic…
Patients with myocarditis, alternatively with ICMP, have heterogenous inconveniences and symptoms. In up to 60 % of cases, the disease is most commonly preceded by a viral infection of the gastrointestinal or respiratory system. In children, previous…
Diagnosis of myocarditis belongs to one of the most challenging in cardiology because of many reasons. One of them is, for example, an enormous variability of symptoms and manifestations of the disease including asymptomatic individuals, heart failur…